Wisdom tooth extraction is the removal of the third molars, which are located at the back of the mouth and typically emerge between the ages of 17 and 25. These teeth often remain impacted or do not emerge properly, leading to various dental problems.

Reasons for Wisdom Tooth Extraction

• Lack of Space: When the jawbone does not provide enough space, wisdom teeth can crowd other teeth, disrupting their alignment.
• Impacted Teeth: Teeth may remain completely under the gums or within the jawbone. Impacted teeth can cause infections, cysts, or tumors.
• Infection and Inflammation: Partially erupted teeth can cause the surrounding gum tissue to become infected, leading to a condition known as pericoronitis.
• Tooth Decay: Due to their hard-to-reach location, wisdom teeth are more prone to cavities and periodontal disease.
• Orthodontic Treatment: During orthodontic treatments (such as braces), wisdom teeth may need to be extracted to prevent misalignment of other teeth.

Procedure for Wisdom Tooth Extraction

1. Evaluation:

   • The dentist evaluates the position of the wisdom teeth using X-rays to assess the complexity of the extraction.

2. Preparation:

   • The procedure is usually performed under local anesthesia, but sedation or general anesthesia may be used for complex extractions or anxious patients.

3. Extraction:

   • If the tooth is impacted, an incision is made in the gum to expose the tooth and bone. The tooth may be divided into sections for easier removal.
   • The tooth is then extracted, and the site is cleaned to remove any debris from the tooth or bone.

4. Stitching:

   • The incision may be closed with stitches to promote healing, which are typically removed a few days later.

5. Post-Operative Care:

   • Pain management: Pain relievers and anti-inflammatory medications may be prescribed.
   • Swelling: Applying an ice pack to the face helps reduce swelling.
   • Diet: Soft foods should be consumed, and hard, chewy, or hot foods should be avoided.
   • Oral hygiene: Rinse with warm salt water to keep the extraction site clean, but avoid vigorous rinsing and spitting.

Post-Operative Instructions

• Rest: Avoid strenuous activities for a few days to promote healing.
• Avoid Smoking: Smoking can delay healing and increase the risk of complications.
• Follow-Up: Attend any scheduled follow-up appointments to ensure proper healing and address any complications.

Wisdom tooth extraction is a common procedure that addresses potential and existing dental issues caused by impacted or improperly erupted third molars. Proper post-operative care is essential for a smooth recovery.