Dental calculus, also known as tartar, is the accumulation of calcium phosphate salts on the surface of the teeth. It forms when plaque, a sticky film of bacteria, mineralizes due to the low pH (acidic environment) in the mouth. Plaque must first form on the teeth for tartar to develop. Patients can prevent tartar buildup by maintaining good oral hygiene with regular brushing, flossing, and the use of oral irrigators. However, once tartar forms, it needs to be professionally cleaned, as it cannot be removed by brushing alone.

How is Tartar Cleaned?

Once tartar is identified using periodontal probes, it is cleaned using various methods. The removal techniques differ for subgingival (below the gum line) and supragingival (above the gum line) tartar.

Methods for cleaning tartar include:

• Curettes: Used for removing tartar below the gum line.
• Sonic-Ultrasonic Instruments (Cavitron Device): These devices use high-frequency vibrations to break up tartar.
• Air Abrasion Devices (Airflow Device): These devices use a stream of air and fine particles to remove tartar.
• Brushes and Rubber Cups: Used for polishing and smoothing the teeth after tartar removal.

Importance of Tartar Removal

Tartar serves as a reservoir for many bacteria and microorganisms, leading to various dental problems such as gum bleeding, gingivitis, gum recession, cavities, and bad breath. Regular tartar cleaning and periodic check-ups are essential to maintain oral health.

Post-Cleaning Care

After tartar removal, some patients may experience temporary tooth sensitivity and gum bleeding. It is important to continue good oral hygiene practices and follow up with regular dental visits to prevent tartar from reaccumulating.